Tylecodon is a genus that was proposed out of necessity. To understand the origin of Tylecodon, we need to know a little about the history of genus Cotyledon. The genus Cotyledon was proposed by Linnaeus in 1753 to accommodate several succulent species distinguishable from Sedum by having the petals fused into a tube. Of the six species originally placed in the genus, five have been transferred to Adromischus, Rosularia, Orostachys, Umbilicus and Kalanchoe, thus leaving only Cotyledon orbiculata L. This automatically becomes the type species. Several early authors maintained the very broad Linnaean concept for Cotyledon making it a catch-all for several hundred problematic species. Most recent authors have split off a number of more sharply defined smaller genera, as well as the ones mentioned above, such as: Mucizonia, Pistorinia, Pseudosedum, Chiastophyllum, and Meterostachys for Old World species and Echeveria, Pachyphytum, Dudleya, and Villadia for New World species. Still, Cotyledon remained a diverse group of species until H.R. Toelken proposed the genus Tylecodon for the African caudiciform species. Tylecodon is easily distinguishable from Cotyledon by the vegetative habit. It appears to be closer to Adromischus in certain floral features and the spirally arranged leaves. Adromischus is distinctive by virtue of it's spike-like floral stems. Cotyledon, as now defined, is a small genus of ten species of small shrubs with paired leaves. When Toelken (1978) proposed the genus Tylecodon it contained 27 species and the number has now expanded to 44.

Toelken claims he simply coined the generic name Tylecodon as an anagram of Cotyledon. However, one could easily imagine the name to be a combination of two Greek words. "Tylos", meaning a knobby club and "Codon" meaning a bell. A knobby club with bell-shaped flowers accurately describes these caudiciform plants. The classical Greek words also give us a clue as how to pronounce the generic name.

The species of Tylecodon are extremely poisonous. Goats which may occasionally eat the plants often die of a meningitis-like disease called krimpsiekte. Medically, the disease is called Cotyledonosis (should it be Tylecodonosis?) and the toxin is a water soluble and unstable compound called Cotyledontoxin. These plants should be handled with care and wash your hands thoroughly after handling them.

The genus Tylecodon as defined by Toelken is extremely diverse in vegetative habit. He does not formally recognize any groupings of species as was attempted by Jacobsen. Jacobsen's array of subsections appears artificial in light of today's knowledge of the genus. However, several informal species groups will be mentioned here for convenience. The genus can be divided into at least nine groups on the basis of growth habit.

The geophytic species predominate the genus. The T.pygmaeus group is tuberous rooted with short stems and now contains 12 named species. Although few are found in cultivation, they form the most widespread group in the wild. The T.tortulosus group is similar to the T.pygmaeus group but the stems are prominently tuberculate with raised podaria. The T.kritzingeri group contains only T.kritzingeri with annual, twining stems. The T.singularis group has species producing a completely subterranean caudex and usually a single cyclamen-like leaf. It was the basis for Jacobsen's monotypic section Rhizomatae. The T.ventricosus group is unique among the tuberous groups by having the leaves dying persistent on the stems.

The T.grandiflorus group is similar to the T.ventricosus group by having the leaves dying persistent on the stems but differs in by having a shrubby growth habit.

There are three distinctive shrubby groups with deciduous leaves and these can be differentiated easily on the basis of their stem surface. In the T.paniculatus group, the bark of mature stems peels off in sheets. In the T.buchholzianus group, the bark flakes off. The T.cacalioides group is remarkable in the genus for the hardened, prominent spine-like leaf bases which cover the stems.

Of the 44 species described in the genus so far, only a few are seen in cultivation. The list below appears to contain all those species named at the present including several new species described since Toelken (1985). The synonyms are included to facilitate cross-referencing under the older names.

The species in the T.cacalioides group are indistinguishable in the stem form. The way Toelken differentiates them is on the basis of the flowers. T.cacalioides has sulphur-yellow flowers, 17 to 25 mm long and T.wallichii greenish flowers 13 mm long or less. Of the two varieties of T.wallichii, the typical variety has glandular hairs on their surface and variety ecklonianus has smooth flowers. Rowley has pointed out that T.papillaris is the oldest name for this group, but since it was described without flowers, to which of these three plants the name applies no one knows for sure.

The T.paniculatus group contains some of the largest growing species in the genus. The stems of T.paniculatus may reach 1.5 to 2 meters in length. It is distinguishable from other species in this group by it's broad and flattened leaves. T.pearsonii and T.rubrovenosus are smaller and have cylindrical leaves. T.reticulatus resembles the last two, but the floral stems persist as thorns.

The T.buchholzianus group has two remarkable species. T.buchholzianus produces two types of leaves: cylindrical and scale-like. T.hallii has been confused with T.pearsonii in the literature. It is a large growing plant with showy yellow flowers.

The T.grandiflorus group has three, closely related species. They are shrubby and distinguishable from all other groups, except the T.ventricosus group, by having leaves that wither persistent. T.grandiflorus has bright red curving flowers which are suggestive of an Aloe. This is one of the few example of zygomorphic flowers in the Crassulaceae. (The only other species in the family with zygomorphic flowers are Kalanchoe robusta I.B.Balfour from Socotra and K.elizae A.Berger from Mozambique and Malawi.) T.racemosus and T.albiflorus are two closely allied white flowered members of this group. In the past, the larger flowered, more robust growing T.albiflorus has been misidentified as T.racemosus (Dyer (1942)).

The T.ventricosus group has five, closely related species. They are tuberous rooted caudiciforms with persistent leaves. T.striatus derives its name from the lengthwise purple striations which appear on the mature stems. The recently described T.tribblei is similar but with whitish striations on the stems.

Of the T.pygmaeus group, only three species are usually seen in cultivation. T.schaeferianus has a long list of aliases in cultivation and has even been shuffled between Adromischus and Cotyledon. It is an attractive species with rounded bluish leaves marked with red and the flowers are pink. T.pygmaeus has leaves covered with glistening, crystalline papillae and yellowish flowers. T.leucothrix has hairy leaves and pale yellow flowers. A deep pink flowered form of T.leucothrix has recently been described by Peter Bruyns. A review of T.similis by Williamson (1997) has shown this little known species to be extremely variable in stem, leaf and flower characters.

The species of the T.tortulosus group do not appear to be in general cultivation as of yet although most of them were described from living plants by Van Jaarsveld. They should be sought after for their attractive stems. T.tenuis, long considered to be a variety of T.pygmaeus, appears best placed in this group.

Tylecodons occur entirely within the Winter rainfall area of Western South Africa and Namibia. Their primary growing season is Winter. They often go dormant by Mid-Summer and require little water at that time. Flowering may occur in Autumn or Winter.

Naturally occurring hybrids between T.paniculatus X T.wallichii and T.paniculatus X T.cacaloides were described and illustrated by Lotsy & Goddyn (1928). Lotsy (1933) later showed the hybrid of T.paniculatus X T.wallichii to be fertile with the second generation seedling to intermediate or transitional to the original parents. This seems to suggest there may be promise for the production of interesting garden hybrids in the genus.

In preparation of this article on Tylecodon , I closely examined Gordon Rowley's Caudiciform book. It immediately became clear that several nomenclatural problems have arisen as a result of his popular book. Although not being particularly pleased with catching the good doctor with his plants down, It appears necessary to make a few comments.

Rowley consistently applied the wrong gender for Tylecodon. The species names in Tylecodon should end in the masculine "-us", as was originally done by Toelken, not the feminine "-a" as in Cotyledon. Unfortunately, Rowley's lead is being followed in the popular literature.

Some of his illustrations are incorrectly labeled. There is no such thing as Tylecodon luteosquamata, as in 12.20 & 17.12. The correct name is Tylecodon pearsonii. Tylecodon reticulata ssp. ramosa, as in 17.13, is not a validly published name. The illustration appears to agree with the description of Tylecodon tortulosus of the T.tortulosus group.

Tylecodon Toelken, Bothalia 12 (3): 378-379 (1978)

syn. Cotyledon ** foliis alternis, marcescentibus De Candolle, Prodromus 3: 397 (1828)

Cotyledon section I Alternifoliae Jacobsen, Sukk. Lex. 147 (1970) nom. illegit. (with four subsections)

Cotyledon section III Rhizomatae Jacobsen, Sukk. Lex. 148 (1970) nom. illegit.

Cotyledon section II Cotyledon subsection Pygmaeae Jacobsen, Sukk. Lex. 148 (1970) nom. illegit.

Tylecodon cacalioides group - Caudiciform shrubs with spine-like leaf bases

Tylecodon cacalioides (L., f.) Toelken, Bothalia 12 (3): 379 (1978)

syn. Cotyledon cacalioides L., f., Suppl. 242 (1781)

Tylecodon hirtifolius (W.F. Barker) Toelken, Bothalia 12 (3): 379 (1978)

syn. Cotyledon hirtifolia W.F. Barker, Fl. Pl. S. Afr. 18: pl. 690 (1938)

Tylecodon wallichii (Harvey) Toelken, Bothalia 12 (3): 382 (1978)

syn. Cotyledon wallichii Harvey in Harvey & Sonder, Fl. Cap. 2: 374 (1862)

Tylecodon papillaris ssp. wallichii (Harvey) Rowley, Kakt. U. A. Sukk. 41 (12): 282 (1990)

Tylecodon wallichii ssp. ecklonianus (Harvey) Toelken, Bothalia 12 (3): 382 (1978)

syn. Cotyledon eckloniana Harvey in Harvey & Sonder, Fl. Cap. 2: 374 (1862)

Cotyledon dinteri Baker, f., Bull. Herb. Boissier (ser. 2) 3: 818 (1903)

Cotyledon maximiliana Schlechter in Von Poellnitz, Fedde Repert. Spec. Nov. 42: 20 (1937) pro syn.

Tylecodon papillaris ssp. ecklonianus (Harvey) Rowley, Kakt. U. A. Sukk. 41 (12): 282 (1990)

- Nomen Confusum

Tylecodon papillaris (L.) Rowley, Nat. Cact. & Succ. Journ. 34 (2): 35 (1979)

syn. Cacalia papillaris L., Sp. Pl. 1: 834 (1753)

Kleinia papillaris (L.) Haworth, Syn. Pl. Succ. 313 (1812)

Senecio papillaris (L.) Sch. Bip., Flora (Regensb.) 28: 500 (1845) not Cotyledon papillaris L., f. (1781) nor Haworth (1819)

Tylecodon paniculatus group (incl. subsect. Paniculatae & Reticulateae Jacobsen (1970)) - Caudiciform shrubs with peeling bark

Tylecodon paniculatus (L., f.) Toelken, Bothalia 12 (3): 380 (1978)

syn. Cotyledon paniculata L., f., Suppl. 242 (1781)

Cotyledon fascicularis Aiton, Hort. Kew. 2: 106 (1789)

Cotyledon tardiflora Bonpland, Descr. Pl. Rar. Malm. 7: 93, t. 37 (1816)

Cotyledon mollis Dinter, Fedde Repert. Spec. Nov. (beih.) 23: 54 (1923) nom. nud., not Schoenland (1915)

Tylecodon pearsonii (Schoenland) Toelken, Bothalia 12 (3): 380 (1978)

syn. Cotyledon pearsonii Schoenland, Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 9: 55 (1912)

Cotyledon luteosquamata Von Poellnitz, Desert Plant Life 11: 65, fig. (1939)

Tylecodon luteosquamata hort.

Tylecodon reticulatus (L., f.) Toelken, Bothalia 12 (3): 380 (1978)

syn. Cotyledon reticulata L., f., Suppl. 242 (1781)

Cotyledon dichotoma Haworth, Suppl. Pl. Succ. 27 (1819)

Cotyledon parvula Burchell, Trav. 1: 219 (1822)

Tylecodon reticulatus ssp. phyllopodium Toelken, Bothalia 12 (3): 380 (1978)

Tylecodon rubrovenosus (Dinter) Toelken, Bothalia 12 (3): 380 (1978)

syn. Cotyledon rubrovenosa Dinter, Fedde Repert. Spec. Nov. 30: 194 (1932)

Tylecodon buchholzianus group - Caudiciform shrubs with flaking bark

Tylecodon buchholzianus (Schuldt & Stephan) Toelken, Bothalia 12 (3): 379 (1978)

syn. Cotyledon buchholziana Schuldt & Stephan, Kakteenkunde 1937: 111 (1937)

Tylecodon buchholzianus var. fasciculatus Williamson, Aloe 29 (3/4): 62, figs. 3-4 (1992)

Tylecodon hallii Toelken, Bothalia 12 (3): 379 (1978)

syn. Cotyledon hallii Toelken, Bothalia 12 (2): 193-194 (1977)

Cotyledon pearsonii sensu Jacobsen, Handb. Succ. Pl. 1: 289, fig. 286 (1960), Lex. Succ. Pl. 151, pl. 40/5 (1974) not Schoenland (1912)

Tylecodon grandiflorus group (incl. subsect. Grandifloreae Jacobsen (1970)) -Caudiciform, small shrubs with leaves withering persistent

* flowers actinomorphic, white; stems smooth.

Tylecodon albiflorus Bruyns, S. Afr. Journ. Bot. 55 (3): 333, fig. 2 (1989)

syn. Cotyledon racemosa sensu R.A. Dyer, Fl. Pl. Afr. 22: pl. 848 (1942) not Harvey (1862)

Tylecodon racemosus (Harvey) Toelken, Bothalia 12 (3): 380 (1978)

syn. Cotyledon racemosa Harvey in Harvey & Sonder, Fl. Cap. 2: 375(1862)

Cotyledon chloroleuca Dinter ex Friedrich, Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. Muenchen 3: 597, fig. (1960)

* flowers zygomorphic, orange to red; stems with podaria.

Tylecodon grandiflorus (Burman, f.) Toelken, Bothalia 12 (3): 379 (1978)

syn. Cotyledon grandiflora Burman, f. , Prodr. Fl. Cap. 13 (1768)

Cotyledon tuberculosa Lamarck, Encycl. 3 (1): 139 (1786)

Umbilicus tuberculosus (Lamarck) De Candolle in Steudel, Nom. Bot. (ed. 2) 2: 792 (1840) pro syn.

Cotyledon curviflora Sims, Curtis's Bot. Mag. 46: t.2044 (1819)

? Cotyledon interjecta Haworth, Phil. Mag. 185 (1828)

Tylecodon ventricosus group (incl. subsect. Ventricoseae Jacobsen (1970)) -Tuberous rooted caudiciforms with leaves withering persistent

Tylecodon faucium (Von Poellnitz) Toelken, Bothalia 12 (3): 379 (1978)

syn. Cotyledon faucium Von Poellnitz , Fedde Repert. Spec. Nov. 50: 323 (1941)

Tylecodon stenocaulis Bruyns, S. Afr. Journ. Bot. 58 (1): 52, fig. 3A-F (1992)

Tylecodon striatus (P.C. Hutchison) Toelken, Bothalia 12 (3): 380 (1978)

syn. Cotyledon striata P.C. Hutchison, Cact. & Succ. Journ. Amer. 36 (1): 16-18 (1964)

Tylecodon tribblei Van Jaarsveld, Bradleya 15: 68-72 (1997)

Tylecodon tuberosus Toelken, Bothalia 12 (3): 381-382 (1978)

Tylecodon ventricosus (Burman, f.) Toelken, Bothalia 12 (3): 382 (1978)

syn. Cotyledon ventricosa Burman, f., Prodr. Fl. Cap. 13 (1768)

Cotyledon ventricosa var. alpina Harvey in Harvey & Sonder, Fl. Cap. 2: 376 (1862)

Tylecodon kritzingeri group - rootstock tuberous; stems slender, twining, deciduous; leaves cylindrical, recurved.

Tylecodon kritzingeri Van Jaarsveld, Journ. S. Afr. Bot. 49 (3): 305-309, 2 figs. (1983), Fl. Pl. Afr. 51 (1): pl. 2006 (1990)

Tylecodon pygmaeus group (incl. subsect. Pygmaeae Jacobsen (1970)) -Tuberous rooted miniatures, stems lacking podaria or podaria indistinct.

Tylecodon aridimontanus Williamson, Cact. & Succ. Journ. Amer. 67 (2): 114, fig. 1-2 (1995)

Tylecodon bodleyae Van Jaarsveld, Cact. & Succ. Journ. Amer. 64 (2): 57-61 (1992) "T.boddleyi"

Tylecodon bleckiae Williamson , Cact. & Succ. Journ. Amer. 70 (3): 127-128, 2 figs. (1998)

Tylecodon decipiens Toelken, Bothalia 12 (3): 379 (1978)

Tylecodon fragilis (R.A. Dyer) Toelken, Bothalia 12 (3): 379 (1978)

syn. Cotyledon fragilis R.A. Dyer, Fl. Pl. Afr. 41: pl. 1631 (1971)

Tylecodon leucothrix (C.A. Smith) Toelken, Bothalia 12 (3): 379 (1978)

syn. Adromischus leucothrix C.A. Smith, Bothalia 3: 637-638, pl. 1 (1939)

Cotyledon leucothrix (C.A. Smith) Fourcade, Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Afr. 20: 34 (1941)

Cotyledon swartbergensis Von Poellnitz, Fedde Repert. Spec. Nov. 47: 1 (1939)

Tylecodon longipes Van Jaarsveld & Williamson, Aloe 31 (3-4): 56-58 (1994)

Tylecodon pygmaeus (W.F. Barker) Toelken, Bothalia 12 (3): 380 (1978)

syn. Cotyledon pygmaea W.F. Barker, Fl. Pl. Afr. 10: pl. 396 (1930)

Tylecodon schaeferianus (Dinter) Toelken, Bothalia 12 (3): 380 (1978)

syn. Cotyledon schaeferiana Dinter, Fedde Repert. Spec. Nov. 19: 145 (1923)

Adromischus schaeferianus (Dinter) A.Berger in Engler & Pranll, Naturl. Pflanzenfam. (2 aufl.) 18a: 416 (1930)

Cotyledon hoerleiniana Dinter, Fedde Repert. Spec. Nov. (beih.) 23: 44 (1923)

Adromischus hoerleinianus (Dinter) Von Poellnitz, Fedde Repert. Spec.Nov. 48: 91 (1940)

Cotyledon hoerleiniana var. schaeferi Dinter, Fedde Repert. Spec. Nov. (beih.) 23: 44 (1923)

Cotyledon schaeferi Dinter, Fedde Repert. Spec. Nov. 29: 168 (1931)

Adromischus keilhackii Werdermann, Fedde Repert. Spec.Nov. 30: 52 (1932)

Adromischus schaeferianus var. keilhackii (Werdermann) Von Poellnitz, Fedde Repert. Spec.Nov. 48: 94 (1940)

Cotyledon sinus-alexandri Von Poellnitz, Desert Plant Life 10 (4): 66-67 (1938)

Tylecodon similis (Toelken) Toelken, Bothalia 12 (3): 382 (1978)

syn. Cotyledon similis Toelken, Bothalia 12 (2): 192-193 (1977)

Tylecodon suffultus Bruyns ex Toelken, Bothalia 12 (3): 380-381 (1978)

Tylecodon viridiflorus (Toelken) Toelken, Bothalia 12 (3): 382 (1978); Van Jaarsveld, Fl. Pl. Afr. 48 (3/4): pl. 1919 (1985)

syn. Cotyledon viridiflorum Toelken, Bothalia 12 (2): 193 (1977)

Tylecodon tortulosus group -Tuberous rooted miniatures, stems with prominent podaria

* stems erect and usually short, stout to slender.

Tylecodon aurusbergensis Williamson & Van Jaarsveld, Aloe 29 (3/4): 60-62, 2 figs. (1992)

Tylecodon bayeri Van Jaarsveld, Aloe 25 (2): 31-32, illus. on p. 30 (1988)

Tylecodon cordiformis Williamson, Cact. & Succ. Journ. Amer. 70 (5): 255-258, 4 figs. (1998)

Tylecodon ellaphieae Van Jaarsveld, Fl. Pl. Afr. 50 (2): pl. 1983 (1989)

syn. Tylecodon cremnophilus Bruyns, S. Afr. Journ. Bot. 56 (1): 130, fig. 6 (1990)

Tylecodon sp. nov. in Van Jaarsveld, Cact. & Succ. Journ. Amer. 58 (3): 105 (1986) nomen.

Tylecodon sulphureus (Toelken) Toelken, Bothalia 12 (3): 381 (1978)

syn. Cotyledon sulphurea Toelken, Bothalia 12 (2): 191 (1977)

Tylecodon sulphureus ssp. armianus Van Jaarsveld, Fl. Pl. Afr. 50 (2): pl. 1984 (1989)

Tylecodon tortulosus Toelken, Bothalia 12 (3): 381 (1978)

syn. Tylecodon reticulata ssp. ramosa hort.

* stems slender and scandant, often zig-zagged.

Tylecodon mallei Williamson, Cact. & Succ. Journ. Amer. 67 (2): 114, 116-118, fig. 4 (1995)

Tylecodon scandens Van Jaarsveld, Cact. & Succ. Journ. Amer. 67 (1): 40-43, 6 figs. (1995)

Tylecodon tenuis (Toelken) Bruyns, S. Afr. Journ. Bot. 58 (1): 54-55, illus. (1992)

syn. Cotyledon pygmaea var. tenuis Toelken, Bothalia 12 (2): 192 (1977)

Tylecodon pygmaeus var. tenuis Toelken, Bothalia 12 (3): 380 (1978)

Tylecodon singularis group (incl. sect. Rhizomatosae Jacobsen (1970)) - stems completely subterranean; leaves petiolate, usually solitary (rarely up to 10); blade spathulate to cordate.

Tylecodon atropurpureus Bruyns, S. Afr. Journ. Bot. 55 (3): 332, fig. 1 (1989)

Tylecodon occultans (Toelken) Toelken, Bothalia 12 (3): 380 (1978)

syn. Cotyledon occultans Toelken, Bothalia 12 (2): 191-192 (1977)

Tylecodon peculiaris Van Jaarsveld, Aloe 35 (1): 10-11 (1998)

Tylecodon pusillus Bruyns, S. Afr. Journ. Bot. 55 (3): 335, fig. 3 (1989)

Tylecodon singularis (R.A. Dyer) Toelken, Bothalia 12 (3): 380 (1978)

syn. Cotyledon singularis R.A. Dyer, Fl. Pl. Afr. 41: pl. 1606 (1970)

Tylecodon fergusoniae (L.Bolus) Rowley, Kakt. U. A. Sukk. 41 (12): 282 (1990)

syn. Cotyledon fergusoniae L.Bolus, S. Afr. Gard. 21: 51, 55 (1931)

(Tylecodon cacalioides (L., f.) Toelken X T.paniculatus (L., f.) Toelken) (Lotsy & Goddyn (1928), Toelken (1985))

Tylecodon cacalioides (L., f.) Toelken X T.wallichii (Harvey) Toelken ssp. wallichii (Toelken (1985))

Tylecodon paniculatus (L., f.) Toelken X T.rubrovenosus (Dinter) Toelken (Van Jaarsveld (1992))

Tylecodon paniculatus (L., f.) Toelken X T.wallichii (Harvey) Toelken ssp. wallichii (Lotsy & Goddyn (1928), Lotsy (1933), Toelken (1985))

ISI 7 Tylecodon schaeferianus (Dinter) Toelken (as Cotyledon sinus-alexandri Von Poellnitz) UCBG 54.114, Kirstenbosch 713/53, collected by Harry Hall in rock crevices on Buchu Twins, Alexander Bay, S.Africa. - Cact. & Succ. Journ. Amer. 34 (2): 50 (1962)

ISI 585 Tylecodon pygmaeus (W.F. Barker) Toelken (as Cotyledon pygmaea W.F. Barker). collector not stated, Van Rhynsdorp district, S.Africa - Cact. & Succ. Journ. Amer. 41 (2): 69 (1969)

ISI 638 Tylecodon pearsonii (Schoenland) Toelken (as Cotyledon luteosquamata Von Poellnitz) collector not stated, 11 miles N. of Van Rhynsdorp, S.Africa - Cact. & Succ. Journ. Amer. 42 (2): 84, fig. 1 (1970)

ISI 859 Tylecodon buchholzianus (Schuldt. & Steph.) Toelken (as Cotyledon buchholziana Schuldt. & Stephan.) UCBG 56.1261, Hans Herre, collected near Swartwater, Namaqualand, S.Africa - Cact. & Succ. Journ. Amer. 46 (3): 139, fig. 850 (1974)

ISI 910 Tylecodon striatus (P.C. Hutchison) Toelken (as Cotyledon striata P.C. Hutchison) collector not stated, Bokkeveld Escarpment, Namaqualand, S.Africa. - Cact. & Succ. Journ. Amer. 47 (2): 86 (1975)

ISI 1012 Tylecodon rubrovenosus (Dinter) Toelken (as Cotyledon rubrovenosa Dinter) collector not stated, near Pofadder, Bushmanland, S.Africa. - Cact. & Succ. Journ. Amer. 49 (2): 85 (1977)

ISI 1136 Tylecodon schaeferianus (Dinter) Toelken (as Cotyledon schaeferana Dinter) collector not stated, near Luederitz, Namib coast, Namibia. - Cact. & Succ. Journ. Amer. 51 (2): 93, fig. 7 (1979)

ISI 1320 Tylecodon striatus (P.C. Hutchison) Toelken (as Cotyledon striata P.C. Hutchison) collector not stated, foot of Van Rhynsdorp Pass, Cape Province, Namaqualand, S.Africa. - Cact. & Succ. Journ. Amer. 54 (2): 78 (1982)

ISI 1414 Tylecodon torulosus Toelken - collector not stated, between Worcester and Oudtschoorn, Cape Province, S.Africa. - Cact. & Succ. Journ. Amer. 55 (2): 79 (1983)

ISI 1688 Tylecodon wallichii ssp. ecklonianus (Harvey) Toelken - collector not stated, Pockenbank farm, Luedertiz Dist., Namibia. - Cact. & Succ. Journ. Amer. 58 (2): 79 (1986)

ISI 1777 Tylecodon pygmaeus (W.F. Barker) Toelken - collector not stated, from a farm in the Knersvlakte, N. of Van Rhynsdorp, Cape Province, S.Africa. - Cact. & Succ. Journ. Amer. 59 (2): 76 (1987)

ISI 1778 Tylecodon sp. Spitzkop, Namibia - Cact. & Succ. Journ. Amer. 59 (2): 76 (1987)

ISI 97-88 Tylecodon paniculatus (L.f.) Toelken. HBG 76842, obtained from Jack Catlin of La Canada, California, no further information - Cact. & Succ. Journ. Amer. 69 (2): 98 (1997)

AbG 37 Tylecodon reticulatus (L.f.) Toelken (as Cotyledon reticulata L.f.) Cact. & Succ. Journ. Amer. 41 (1): 46 (1969)

REFERENCES

Bruyns, P.V. (1989) AN UNUSUAL COLOUR FORM OF TYLECODON LEUCOTHRIX (C.A.SM.) TOELKEN. Aloe 26 (3): 54- 55, 3 figs.

Bruyns, P.V. (1989) THREE NEW SPECIES OF TYLECODON (CRASSULACEAE) FROM THE WESTERN CAPE. S. Afr. Journ. Bot. 55 (3): 332-336, 3 figs.

Bruyns, P.V. (1990) NEW TAXA FROM THE ARID REGIONS OF SOUTHERN CAPE. S. Afr. Journ. Bot. 56 (1): 125-132, 6 figs.

Bruyns, P.V. (1990) TYLECODON CREMNOPHILUS BRUYNS: CORRECTION. S. Afr. Journ. Bot. 56 (4): 506.

Bruyns, P.V. (1992) NEW TAXA FROM THE ARID REGIONS OF SOUTHERN AFRICA. S. Afr. Journ. Bot. 58 (1): 50-55, 4 figs.

Dyer, R.A. (1942) COTYLEDON RACEMOSA. Flowering Plants of Africa 22: plate 848.

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